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#pchem #chemsky

Painting of a young James Joule (Science Museum Group Collection). Source: https://www.scienceandindustrymuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/james-joule

James Prescott Joule died on this day in 1889. He measured how motion turns into heat and helped define the first law of thermodynamics. His name became the unit of energy.
#PChem #Joule #Thermodynamics #Chemistry #Physics

path-independent means that U is a function of state and the value of ∆U = U_f - U_i is independent of the details of how you got from i=initial to f=final. So if reversible paths give you this dU, then all irreversible paths produce the same dU.

What is the fundamental equation of thermodynamics, and where does it come from?

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #physics #studyhelp

hope this will be useful to students and instructors!

Carnot cycles now as live web app 🔥
Drag sliders to see how temperature & volume affect the cycle. Works on any device, no installation needed. Try it:
thermoscripts-carnot.streamlit.app

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #physics

Plot Carnot cycles with this simple MATLAB script!
Hot (red) and cold (blue) isotherms plus two adiabats (black) form a closed cycle. Change T's, V's, gamma ... most cycles look quite skinny 🌙🔥
github.com/osteinbock/t...

#thermodynamics #pchem #physics #engineering

How you do things matters a lot in thermodynamics!

#thermo #pchem #chemistry #physics #studyhelp

Unfortunately, there is one wrong word in this video... microstate "2" has only >one< microscopic realization, namely {1,1}. But I couldn't find the internal energy U to record it again 😅

Entropy explained in less than 1 minute

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #Boltzmann

Another fascinating and useful thermodynamic quantity: the compressibility kappa. Unlike many other partial derivatives in thermo, this one has a direct intuitive meaning ... how much does volume drop when you increase pressure?

#thermodynamics #pchem #ChemE #physics #studyhelp

The volumetric expansion coefficient α is a quantity relevant to many real-world applications. It also appears in
(∂U/∂T)p = Cv + πT α V,
where πT is the internal pressure and Cv the heat capacity at const V.

#thermodynamics #pchem #ChemE #physics #studyhelp

Internal pressure is the key to quantifying the invisible forces between molecules. 🧪

#thermodynamics #pchem #ChemE #physics #studyhelp

Gemini 2.5 pro is the best for physical chemistry. While it's hard to know the training sources, I believe Wikipedia is a big part of it. Good or bad, I predict that Wikipedia will be absorbed into some forms of LLM. Perhaps they should develop/integrate their own if financially possible?

Only if you completely rely on AI summaries. Otherwise, it's just a fancier form of Google Scholar search. All of this is forced on us by the extreme volume of papers. My retired faculty colleagues still tried to read every paper in J. Phys. Chem. ... now you publish on page 13517 in JPC C

First thermo exam coming up? Try this drill to master partial derivatives: Euler’s chain rule meets the ideal gas law.
#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #physics #chemicalengineering #studytips

Understanding the equation for isothermal, reversible expansion work. A short ThermoTutor demo.

#PChem #Thermodynamics #GasLaws #LearnSmarter #Chemistry

The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature, so during adiabatic expansion (q=0), a drop in U means a drop in T. Therefore, peeVee gets colder, not sweatier 🧊🥶

During adiabatic expansion, peeVee's internal energy is going down, but should he really be sweating or shivering?

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #physics #studyhelp

Thermochemistry tells you whether processes are endothermic 🥶 (ΔH>0) or exothermic (ΔH<0) 💥

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #studygram #HessLaw

Bring back real pchem labs!

It's not about the journey, it's about the destination... at least for state functions! 🏔

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #studyhelp

Say hi to our mascots ... happy peeVee and grumpy nRT

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For **real gases**, particles do have intermolecular forces (like van der Waals forces). Therefore, changing the volume does change the internal energy, even at constant temperature, because it alters the potential energy component.

ThermoTutor demo explaining why the internal energy of ideal gases depends only on T and not on p or V.

#PChem #Thermodynamics #GasLaws #LearnSmarter #Chemistry

... did I mention the poor, prisoners, and soldiers? Here is the truth about his soup

Count Rumford (aka Benjamin Thompson) was one of the early pioneers of modern thermodynamics. He was a prolific scientist and inventor.

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #physics #StudyHelp

Sorry, I didn't read the document, but isn't this "rounding half to even" (default in IEEE 754)?

Why does a spray can feel cold when you use it? Adiabatic expansion! 💨 It does work as it expands, and with no heat transfer, its temperature has to drop. Often, q=0 is a valid approximation if the process is fast compared to the heat exchange.

#Thermodynamics #PChem #Chemistry

@osteinbock.bsky.social
Why does your voice sound weird after inhaling helium?

The speed of sound depends on the molar mass M and heat capacity ratio γ. This γ is also key for adiabats pV^γ = const.

#thermodynamics #pchem #chemistry #physics #studyhelp