1931 – Alam Ara, India's first talking film, is released.
1874 – Anton Philips, Dutch businessman, co-founded Philips Electronics (died 1951), born
1883 – Karl Marx, German philosopher and theorist (born 1818), died
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2006 – The 2006 Chadian coup d'état attempt ends in failure.
1914 – Bill Owen, English actor and songwriter (died 1999), born
1973 – Chic Young, American cartoonist (born 1901), died
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1900 – The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing the United States currency on the gold standard.
1980 – Ben Herring, New Zealand rugby player and coach, born
2012 – Ċensu Tabone, Maltese general and politician, 4th President of Malta (born 1913), died
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1900 – British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, during the Second Boer War.
1989 – Sandy León, Venezuelan baseball player, born
1923 – Josephine Leary, American real estate entrepreneur (born 1856), died
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1781 – William Herschel discovers Uranus.
2004 – Coco Gauff, American tennis player, born
1271 – Henry of Almain, English knight (born 1235), died
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624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh.
1898 – Henry Hathaway, American director and producer (died 1985), born
2013 – Clive Burr, English drummer and songwriter (born 1957), died
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1979 – The New Jewel Movement, headed by Maurice Bishop, ousts the Prime Minister of Grenada, Eric Gairy, in a coup d'état.
1987 – Marco Andretti, American race car driver, born
2025 – Sofia Gubaidulina, Russian-German pianist and composer (born 1931), died
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2016 – Three gunmen attack two hotels in the Ivory Coast town of Grand-Bassam, killing at least 19 people.
1973 – David Draiman, American singer-songwriter, born
1881 – Alexander II of Russia (born 1818), died
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1815 – Participants at the Congress of Vienna declare Napoleon an outlaw following his escape from Elba
1989 – Sandy León, Venezuelan baseball player, born
1990 – Bruno Bettelheim, Austrian-American psychologist and author (born 1903), died
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1622 – Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus, are canonized by the Roman Catholic Church.
1952 – André Comte-Sponville, French philosopher, born
1998 – Beatrice Wood, American painter and potter (born 1893), died
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1992 – Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
1997 – Dean Henderson, English footballer, born
1898 – Zachris Topelius, Finnish-Swedish journalist, historian, and author (born 1818), died
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1912 – The Girl Guides (later renamed the Girl Scouts of the USA) are founded in the United States.
1988 – Kostas Mitroglou, Greek footballer, born
2014 – Věra Chytilová, Czech actress, director, and screenwriter (born 1929), died
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1579 – Start of the Siege of Maastricht, part of the Eighty Years' War.
1883 – Sándor Jávorka, Hungarian botanist (died 1961), born
2014 – José Policarpo, Portuguese cardinal (born 1936), died
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2003 – Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia, is assassinated in Belgrade.
1938 – Ken Spears, American writer (died 2020), born
2014 – Věra Chytilová, Czech actress, director, and screenwriter (born 1929), died
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1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, is captured by British troops.
1887 – Raoul Walsh, American actor and director (died 1980), born
1915 – Thomas Alexander Browne, English-Australian author (born 1826), died
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1892 – The Saint-Germain bombing ushers France into the Ère des attentats (1892-1894).
1927 – Freda Meissner-Blau, Austrian activist and politician (died 2015), born
638 – Sophronius of Jerusalem (born 560), died
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1387 – Battle of Castagnaro: Padua, led by John Hawkwood, is victorious over Giovanni Ordelaffi of Verona.
1965 – Nigel Adkins, English footballer and manager, born
2016 – Iolanda Balaș, Romanian high jumper (born 1936), died
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1927 – In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.
1948 – Roy Barnes, American politician, 80th Governor of Georgia, born
2018 – Mary Rosenblum, American science fiction and mystery author (born 1952), died
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2008 – Space Shuttle Endeavour launches on STS-123, carrying the first component of the Japanese Kibō module to the International Space Station.
1997 – Travis Konecny, Canadian ice hockey player, born
1759 – John Forbes, Scottish general (born 1707), died
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1851 – The first performance of Rigoletto by Giuseppe Verdi takes place in Venice.
1908 – Matti Sippala, Finnish javelin thrower (died 1997), born
1955 – Oscar F. Mayer, German-American businessman, founded Oscar Mayer (born 1859), died
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1814 – Emperor Napoleon I is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.
1946 – Curley Culp, American football player (died 2021), born
2016 – Jovito Salonga, Filipino lawyer and politician, 14th President of the Senate of the Philippines (born 1920), died
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1906 – The Courrières mine disaster, Europe's worst ever, kills 1099 miners in northern France.
1918 – Günther Rall, German general and pilot (died 2009), born
1999 – Oswaldo Guayasamín, Ecuadorian painter and sculptor (born 1919), died
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1848 – The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate, ending the Mexican–American War.
1963 – Rick Rubin, American record producer, born
1585 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish physician and botanist (born 1517), died
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1933 – The Long Beach earthquake affects the Greater Los Angeles Area, leaving around 108 people dead.
1981 – Steven Reid, English-Irish footballer, born
1997 – LaVern Baker, American singer and actress (born 1929), died
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1906 – The Courrières mine disaster, Europe's worst ever, kills 1099 miners in northern France.
1937 – Sam Hall, American diver, legislator, and mercenary (died 2014), born
1572 – William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester, died
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1952 – Fulgencio Batista leads a successful coup in Cuba.
1844 – Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (died 1908), born
1832 – Muzio Clementi, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1752), died
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1230 – Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus in the Battle of Klokotnitsa.
1950 – Doug Ault, American baseball player and manager (died 2004), born
1926 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader, founded Reiki (born 1865), died
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1946 – Bolton Wanderers stadium disaster at Burnden Park, Bolton, England, kills 33 and injures hundreds more.
1979 – Oscar Isaac, Guatemalan-American actor, born
1994 – Eddie Creatchman, Canadian wrestler, referee, and manager (born 1928), died
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1811 – Paraguayan forces defeat Manuel Belgrano at the Battle of Tacuarí.
1969 – Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, American basketball player, born
2000 – Jean Coulthard, Canadian composer and educator (born 1908), died
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1944 – World War II: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia.
1918 – George Lincoln Rockwell, American sailor and politician, founded the American Nazi Party (died 1967), born
1440 – Frances of Rome, Italian nun and saint (born 1384), died
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