Caroline Baxter's Avatar

Caroline Baxter

@convergingriskslab

Director, Converging Risks Lab, within the Council on Strategic Risks. Former DASD(FE&T) and RAND policy wonk. Come for the foresight, stay for the fun. Yes, I took that photo. It was even cooler than you think. https://councilonstrategicrisks.org/crl/

180
Followers
399
Following
86
Posts
10.02.2026
Joined
Posts Following

Latest posts by Caroline Baxter @convergingriskslab

This started as us asking the question, "Does AI make us dumb?" So we dug around and found out that there is specific scientific evidence that, yes, regular LLM use have an effect on human cognition. So THEN we asked, does this matter? We think it does, especially now.

I hope you'll join us.

11.03.2026 15:46 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

People like me who came up in defense in the early aughts listened to graybeards describing how China β€œwent to school” on the US in the 90s. Guarantee you the exact same is happening now as the US moves air and naval forces, employs AI, and has stress-tests its alliances. Great power MasterClass.

11.03.2026 01:12 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Post image

They’re calling it the best-planned war of all time

10.03.2026 19:40 πŸ‘ 590 πŸ” 111 πŸ’¬ 11 πŸ“Œ 17

Water straight out of my nose.

10.03.2026 18:16 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Because it represents about half of the French frigate fleet and its only carrier. Deploying that proportion of one's naval asset represents a gamble that you won't need those things anywhere else on the globe for a while. Of course, they have to get them to the Gulf first.

10.03.2026 02:05 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

β€œFrance will deploy eight frigates – more than the entire British fleet – along with two amphibious helicopter carriers and the country’s flagship Charles de Gaulle aircraft carrier” in an attempt to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. That’s a hell of a play (and gap).

www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2...

10.03.2026 01:35 πŸ‘ 8 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

This was a very fun conversation. Thanks to U. Cambridge for having me on!

09.03.2026 18:21 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Anyway. This is what you get when a Type A NATSEC brain overloaded by the horrors of the world watches her kid learn how to ride a bike. She wants to make that moment last forever and for everyone.

09.03.2026 01:59 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

I could (won’t) go on. In sum: a moment like this doesn’t happen in a vacuum and not all of it is luck. If we want kids to grow up healthy in a safe community, then government needs to be funded and staffed to those disparate inputs and forge them into as common an output as possible. /4

09.03.2026 01:59 πŸ‘ 6 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Boy’s helmet and bike were tested by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The EPA manages the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) to make sure the air Boy breathes into his young lungs is clean and one afternoon bike ride doesn’t cause harm. /3

09.03.2026 01:59 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

My neighborhood has low speed limits and stop signs thanks to local engagement w/ the city. Kids are out in our streets all the time, which brings the parents out & forges friendships. The neighborhood is very close-knit. Boy knows every neighbor by name and they him. He is safe on his own. /2

09.03.2026 01:59 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Boy learned how to ride his bike today after being afraid for months; just up and did it. Whole neighborhood cheered as he rode by. Neighbor dropped off celebratory cake. All because a boy with a smile to rival the sun was brave. Amid millions of variables behind that moment, government was one. 🧡

09.03.2026 01:59 πŸ‘ 8 πŸ” 3 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

Life advice that never fails: make friends with people smarter than you. Any day I get to hear what @atabatabai.bsky.social has to say is a good day.

08.03.2026 18:27 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Preview
U.S. transport aircraft spotted departing Osan Air Base amid Patriot relocation speculation | Yonhap News Agency SEOUL, March 8 (Yonhap) -- U.S. military transport aircraft have been spotted arriving at ...

Whether or not it’s true, it matters that Korean news is speculating about it.

m-en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN2026...

08.03.2026 03:40 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Post image

Ladies and gentlemen, a Mezcal flip. Slainte.

07.03.2026 01:54 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Preview
Iran hits Amazon data centres in jolt to Gulf AI drive First known military strike on a US hyperscaler rattles regional ambitions to build multibillion-dollar cloud facilities

"The strikes mark what is believed to be the world’s first military attack against the US β€œhyperscalers” that dominate the global cloud computing market."

www.ft.com/content/09fa...

06.03.2026 21:23 πŸ‘ 12 πŸ” 12 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 1
Preview
Army unit’s moves trigger speculation as U.S. plots next steps in Iran war The abrupt cancelation of a training event has put a spotlight on the 82nd Airborne Division, which specializes in ground combat and other fraught missions.

SCOOP: The Army in recent days canceled a training exercise for the headquarters element of the 82nd Airborne Division, fueling speculation among soldiers that they may be called upon for a still undefined mission as the war with Iran widens.

wapo.st/4uiXxTO

06.03.2026 16:47 πŸ‘ 353 πŸ” 157 πŸ’¬ 17 πŸ“Œ 55
Preview
Washington’s Anthropic-shaped abyss Who gets to set the limits on the military use of AI?

"The biggest danger isn’t that they will make mistakes in identifying and striking targets. It’s that...AI might change the nature of war itself," e.g. "swarms of low-cost drones with facial recognition that could seek out and kill large numbers of people"

www.ft.com/content/c496...

06.03.2026 16:22 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
Preview
The Pentagon Officially Notifies Anthropic That It Is a β€˜Supply Chain Risk’

So Palantir is expected to unpeel Anthropic from within its Maven Smart System being actively used in a widening war? Tech that has generated breathlessly positive commentary? That is the apex of tech available to the warfighter? That's what happens now? Seriously?

www.nytimes.com/2026/03/05/t...

06.03.2026 00:41 πŸ‘ 10 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 2
Post image

Our tendency to be distracted by the shiny object of combat and consistently fail to notice the giant gaping hole where political objectives should be is a character flaw on a mass scale. The last sentence of this worthless article says it all.

www.economist.com/middle-east-...

05.03.2026 21:25 πŸ‘ 17 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

The β€œgoodness” of this rests on a fundamental assumption that the targeting cycle generates (a) the right targets & (b) more positive military effects than collateral damage

In my forthcoming book on the history of CT in AFG, I discuss in detail why those assumptions failed & how it cost us the war

05.03.2026 13:08 πŸ‘ 18 πŸ” 6 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0
(1) After each engagement, Parties to the conflict shall, without delay, take all possible measures to search for and collect the shipwrecked, wounded and sick, to protect them against pillage and ill-treatment, to ensure their adequate care, and to search for the dead and prevent their being despoiled.
(2) Whenever circumstances permit, the Parties to the conflict shall conclude local arrangements for the removal of the wounded and sick by sea from a besieged or encircled area and for the passage of medical and religious personnel and equipment on their way to that area.

(1) After each engagement, Parties to the conflict shall, without delay, take all possible measures to search for and collect the shipwrecked, wounded and sick, to protect them against pillage and ill-treatment, to ensure their adequate care, and to search for the dead and prevent their being despoiled. (2) Whenever circumstances permit, the Parties to the conflict shall conclude local arrangements for the removal of the wounded and sick by sea from a besieged or encircled area and for the passage of medical and religious personnel and equipment on their way to that area.

As I've addressed this issue in a few interviews today, here's Article 18 of the Second Geneva Convention which bears on the duties to search for and collect the shipwrecked following engagements at seaβ€”such as the sinking of the Iranian warship in the Indian Ocean.

04.03.2026 22:32 πŸ‘ 147 πŸ” 80 πŸ’¬ 5 πŸ“Œ 2
Preview
U.S. burns through precision munitions, air defense interceptors in Iran The U.S. campaign in Iran has already expended hundreds of high-cost air defense missiles and thousands of other munitions just days into the conflict.

Whereas the focus for such the AI-military fusion paradigm shift has been keeping humans in the loop to ensure accuracy of targeting (among other things), an additional consideration may be not going Winchester on ammunition faster than planned or desired.

www.washingtonpost.com/national-sec...

04.03.2026 14:49 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

This is such a bonkers time to be in IR/defense. I’m imagining career panels in 20 years and being asked by grad students β€œso how did your education prepare you to navigate the Iran-Israel-NATO war of the mid 2020s” and I can see myself looking blankly at them to 5, 6 seconds before responding.

04.03.2026 13:56 πŸ‘ 11 πŸ” 3 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Preview
NATO Shoots Down Iranian Ballistic Missile Headed for Turkey The North Atlantic Treaty Organization shot down a ballistic missile that was fired from Iran and headed toward Turkish airspace on Wednesday.

Yesterday would have been a really spectacular time to have defined objectives, off-ramps, and a direct line to whoever meaningfully controls Iran.

www.bloomberg.com/news/article...

04.03.2026 13:16 πŸ‘ 12 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
Preview
Anthropic’s AI tool Claude central to U.S. campaign in Iran, amid a bitter feud Anthropic’s AI tool Claude is playing a key role in the U.S. military’s campaign in Iran, amid a bitter fight with the Pentagon over the terms of its use in war.


β€œThe key paradigm shift is that AI enables the U.S. military to develop targeting packages at machine speed rather than human speed.”

www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2...

04.03.2026 12:19 πŸ‘ 3 πŸ” 2 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 2
Preview
a black and white photo of a woman wearing a hat ALT: a black and white photo of a woman wearing a hat
04.03.2026 03:43 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Preview
U.S. Opens Military Action in Ecuador Against β€˜Terrorist Organizations’

Is this foreign policy by loyalty punch card? Is our fifth military intervention free?

www.nytimes.com/2026/03/03/u...

04.03.2026 03:40 πŸ‘ 2 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

For years on my old blog I published the names of servicemembers who died in Iraq & Afghanistan. No other outlets were.

These are the first 4 Americans to die in the Iran War.
Capt. Cody A. Khork, 35
Sgt. 1st Class Noah L. Tietjens, 42
Sgt. 1st Class Nicole M. Amor, 39
Sgt. Declan J. Coady, 20

03.03.2026 23:07 πŸ‘ 9518 πŸ” 3104 πŸ’¬ 436 πŸ“Œ 168
Post image Post image

On the left, current tanker traffic in the Strait of Hormuz. Dots closest to the Strait are at anchor; no movement. Image on the right is a typical February. For oil-dependent nations slow-rolling the pivot to renewable energy b/c of its challenges, nothing like a crisis to spark creative thinking.

03.03.2026 20:41 πŸ‘ 8 πŸ” 3 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0