Evolutionary emergence and preservation of microproteins encoded by upstream ORFs
The analysis of ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) data has provided evidence that many eukaryotic mRNAs contain translated upstream or downstream ORFs (uORFs/dORFs), but the biological significance of this translation activity remains, for the most part, unknown. One of the principal limitations has been the lack of Ribo-Seq data from several closely related species, precluding the identification of cases in which translation is phylogenetically conserved. Here, by combining Ribo-Seq data from 100 different experiments, we identify 2,332 translated uORFs and 1,008 translated dORFs in S. cerevisiae, which result in microproteins that tend to be highly hydrophobic or positively charged. To study their phylogenetic conservation, we have generated Nanopore direct RNA sequencing data, together with Ribo-Seq data, from six additional Saccharomyces species, spanning an evolutionary period of around 16 million years. We have identified 195 translated S. cerevisiae uORFs that are also translated in other Saccharomyces species; these uORFs are translated at levels comparable to the main coding sequence and display signatures of purifying selection at the level of the encoded microproteins. In contrast, dORFs are translated at very low levels and they are rarely conserved, suggesting much more limited microprotein functionalization. We have also discovered that uORF translation is associated with the formation of alternative transcript isoforms encompassing the region containing the uORFs but not the main protein coding sequence, implying that some microproteins can be produced independently of the main protein product. This work significantly advances our understanding of how initially pervasive uORF translation can result in new microproteins, providing many new candidates for further functional studies. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. European Research Council, https://ror.org/0472cxd90, 101052538 Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, PID2021- 122726NBI00, PGC2018-094091- B-I00, PID2022-136939OBI00, CEX2024-001431-M, MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 Generalitat de Catalunya, https://ror.org/01bg62x04, 2021SGR00042, 2021SGR00176
New preprint from the group!
Here we use Nanopore dRNA and Ribo-Seq data from multiple yeast species to discover tens of highly conserved microproteins encoded by uORFs in polycistronic transcripts/alternative isoforms. @prbb.org @grib-barcelona.bsky.social
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
08.03.2026 19:13
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At the OHSU School of Dentistry AI in Research Symposium, I presented that AI is a major driver of advances in third-generation sequencing technologies (e.g., Nanopore and PacBio). Our lab is using Nanopore sequencing to study DNA and RNA modifications in oral bacteria. #microbiology #dentistry
03.03.2026 01:40
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Last year, we proposed a model of plasmid evolution via fusion and fragmentation (via mge mediated recombination) generating mosaics, by studying historical isolates. Excited to see a MASSIVE paper from @jrpenades.bsky.social , @epcrocha.bsky.social expanding on this
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
19.02.2026 23:11
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A webpage section listing three resources related to measles virus genomic epidemiology. The first item shows an icon and the heading ‘Measles virus genomic epidemiology’ with a subheading ‘A primer on measles virus genomic epidemiology and why we do it.’ The second item shows an icon and the heading ‘artic-measles/400/v1.0.0 Primer Scheme’ with a description of the ARTIC-network primer scheme for sequencing measles virus. The third item shows an icon and the heading ‘ARTIC-network MEV wet-lab protocol’ with a description of the wet-lab protocol for sequencing MEV using the artic-measles/400/v1.0.0 primer scheme.
A webpage section titled ‘User‑interface pipelines using Epi2me,’ displaying four items. The first item shows an icon with the heading ‘amplicon‑nf: Running the pipeline in EPI2ME’ and describes using EPI2ME to run the ARTIC amplicon‑nf pipeline without the command line. The second item shows an icon with the heading ‘amplicon‑nf: Running the pipeline in EPI2ME for Illumina Data,’ again describing use of EPI2ME to run the amplicon‑nf pipeline without the command line. The third item shows an icon with the heading ‘amplicon‑nf: Running the pipeline in EPI2ME for Oxford Nanopore Data,’ with the same description. The fourth item shows an icon with the heading ‘amplicon‑nf: Viewing outputs of the pipeline in EPI2ME,’ describing how to view outputs of the amplicon‑nf pipeline within EPI2ME.
A webpage section titled ‘Command line interface pipeline SOPs.’ The first item shows an icon with the heading ‘Fieldbioinformatics: viral amplicon sequencing bioinformatics SOP’ and labels indicating ‘Nanopore | bioinformatics.’ A second section titled ‘Phylogenetics and Interpretation’ includes an icon with the heading ‘MeV Phylogenetics’ and a description stating it contains resources and protocols for measles virus alignment and phylogenetics.
ARTIC 2 measles resources are live!
As part of the Wellcome Trust funded ARTIC 2 project we have developed a collection of measles virus resources that are now openly available at artic.network/viruses/mev
12.02.2026 11:15
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Happy our preprint is out🦠:
"Evaluation of an Oxford Nanopore sequencing workflow for mycobacteria from primary MGIT culture"
We developed and tested a workflow for long-read sequencing of #mycobacteria, including optimising DNA extraction and assessing how #ONT performs compared with #Illumina.
08.02.2026 13:46
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"Our findings underscore the importance of GuFi phages with broad host ranges in the gut microbiome, and the utility of long-read sequencing for viral discovery, paving the way for deeper insights into the role of bacteriophages in human health and disease."
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...
05.02.2026 20:24
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GitHub - bluenote-1577/savont: Amplicon sequencing variants from 16s ONT R10.4 / HiFi long reads
Amplicon sequencing variants from 16s ONT R10.4 / HiFi long reads - bluenote-1577/savont
Announcing a new tool for "denoising" long-read amplicon sequences: savont.
Savont enables amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) directly from nanopore (or HiFi) long reads. Tested on 16S nanopore amplicons -- seems to work okay.
1/4
github.com/bluenote-157...
28.01.2026 18:45
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Twist-ONT: Combining nanopore sequencing with the twist comprehensive viral research panel
The Twist Comprehensive Viral Research Panel (Twist CVRP) is a probe-based hybridization capture enrichment method for whole-genome sequencing, design…
Interested in virome sequencing on @nanoporetech.com instruments? Check out our latest paper where we publish Twist-ONT, a modified protocol for the Twist Comprehensive Viral Research Panel (by @twistbioscience.com) so that it can be used with ONT.
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
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20.01.2026 14:32
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We are on!
Air 🌬️
Sea spray 💦
Surface 🌊
3000 m deep ⚓
~1 million DNA molecules/hour
sequenced live in the middle of the Pacific Ocean!
Shout out to Aden and Rhonda,l who can extract DNA, PCR, and library prep without getting seasick ⛵️
From sample to data in less than 48 hrs.
#eDNA #nanopore #UW
17.01.2026 01:57
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Genotypic Technology invites you to an exclusive webinar on Oxford Nanopore RNA Sequencing, exploring how long-read and direct RNA sequencing overcome the limitations of short-read platforms.
Register now shorturl.at/uCc1Q
12.01.2026 10:19
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Flanders Nanopore Day 2026 - Flanders Nanopore Day
The Flanders Nanopore Day - April 17th, 2026
Need an excuse to visit Antwerp in April? You can register for our Flanders Nanopore Day. Research using @nanoporetech.com sequencing will be highlighted, throughout a variety of research fields. And for academia, registration is for free.
nanoporeflanders.be
12.01.2026 11:28
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@keygene.com 's @awngs.bsky.social will be a speaker during the Industry Workshop of Oxford Nanopore Technologies ( @nanoporetech.com ), presenting some recent results in technology development for single-nuclei transcriptomics at PAG33 in San Diego on January 12.
08.01.2026 09:11
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Latest #CDlab paper on nanopore protein sequencing now published in JACS: pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10....
Here, Justas Ritmejeris, Xiuqi Chen, collaborator Bauke Albada, and me developed a conjugation chemistry strategy for nanopore sequencing of natural peptides!
09.01.2026 08:53
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🧬 Now published in Bioinformatics Advances: "Snappy: Fast identification of DNA methylation motifs based on Oxford Nanopore reads"
Full article available: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioadv/vbaf296
15.12.2025 10:02
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