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Nursima Ünver

@nunvera

PhD Candidate, Max Planck - University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology

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24.04.2025
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Latest posts by Nursima Ünver @nunvera

View of How brains build higher order representations of uncertainty | Philosophy and the Mind Sciences Philosophy and the Mind Sciences (PhiMiSci) focuses on the interface between philosophy of mind, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. PhiMiSci is a peer-reviewed, not-for-profit open-access journal...

it's out!

@hazimi.bsky.social and i explore how higher order representations of *one's own first-order representational uncertainty* -- not representations OF noisiness in the world -- can be studied, including how they are constructed in the first place.

philosophymindscience.org/index.php/ph...

06.03.2026 04:29 👍 40 🔁 12 💬 0 📌 1

attending @cogneuronews.bsky.social 2026? Check out these posters from @jocn.bsky.social Travel Fellows:
Adithya Anil, Indian Institute of Technology
"Toward Translational Mechanisms of Learned Helplessness: Linking Behavior, Computation, and Neural Modulation"
D123 Mon am

05.03.2026 16:02 👍 15 🔁 5 💬 1 📌 0

I am glad to attend #CNS2026 in beautiful Vancouver🇨🇦! I will present my work on action planning in visual working memory. In this project, we focus on the factors leading motor planning such as selective attention, affordances and task requirements. Meet me at the Poster Session B (B38)!

05.03.2026 15:33 👍 16 🔁 6 💬 0 📌 0

I am happy to be attending #CNS2026 with the Yale Wu Tsai Institute travel award to present this paper👇🏻 as a poster - it’ll be on Monday from 2:30-4:30pm (session E), come check it out!

05.03.2026 15:00 👍 19 🔁 8 💬 0 📌 0
ESCOP - Early Career Publication Award ESCOP is a dynamic scientific society that provides a venue within which current research in cognitive psychology and neighboring disciplines can be presented, discussed and encouraged.

📣 Call for the 2026 Early Career Publication Awards

This award (€1000) recognizes outstanding publications by early-career researchers, with separate categories for PhD students and postdocs. The application deadline is 15 April 2026.

04.03.2026 08:12 👍 2 🔁 1 💬 0 📌 0

🔥 New preprint!

Excited to share Johannah's fantastic work -> a preregistered study with two replications showing how uncertainty shapes perceptual insight.

As always, it’s been a great ride working with Johannah and Carlos.

03.03.2026 16:53 👍 15 🔁 5 💬 0 📌 0
Preview
Episodic memory encoding fluctuates at a theta rhythm of 3–10 Hz Nature Human Behaviour, Published online: 02 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02416-5Biba et al. show that episodic memory encoding fluctuates at a theta rhythm of 3–10 Hz.

Episodic memory encoding fluctuates at a theta rhythm of 3–10 Hz

02.03.2026 19:47 👍 51 🔁 17 💬 0 📌 2
OSF

How do we balance external attention to the outside world and internal attention to our thoughts & memories?

We review evidence that external and internal attention can compete, unfold concurrently, or cooperate!

Loved working on this with @samversc.bsky.social & @tobiasegner.bsky.social!

25.02.2026 15:36 👍 92 🔁 36 💬 1 📌 1
Experimental task. Trials began with variable fixation (500–1,000 ms) and placeholder (500–1,000 ms) intervals, followed by two spatial cues (100 ms) on opposite sides of the visual field to indicate the likely locations of both a subsequent near-threshold target and a salient distractor (100 ms). Cue validity was 70% for both cue types. Targets and distractors were presented after a variable delay (500–1,600 ms). Stimulus displays could include (i) both a target and a distractor, (ii) a target only, (iii) a distractor only, or (iv) neither a target nor a distractor. The number pad on a computer keyboard was used to indicate the presence of a target at the cued location, a target at a non-cued location, or no target.

Experimental task. Trials began with variable fixation (500–1,000 ms) and placeholder (500–1,000 ms) intervals, followed by two spatial cues (100 ms) on opposite sides of the visual field to indicate the likely locations of both a subsequent near-threshold target and a salient distractor (100 ms). Cue validity was 70% for both cue types. Targets and distractors were presented after a variable delay (500–1,600 ms). Stimulus displays could include (i) both a target and a distractor, (ii) a target only, (iii) a distractor only, or (iv) neither a target nor a distractor. The number pad on a computer keyboard was used to indicate the presence of a target at the cued location, a target at a non-cued location, or no target.

Attentional resources vary rhythmically, but what about susceptibility to #distractors?@fiebelkornian.bsky.social &co show that theta & alpha phases modulate sensitivity & distractor impact, revealing rhythm-specific mechanisms shaping #attention & distractability @plosbiology.org 🧪 plos.io/4tU0vh4

24.02.2026 13:55 👍 12 🔁 5 💬 0 📌 0

New preprint! We mapped out how ‘diffuse’ predictions affect neural representations. We show predictions reshape the geometric layout of the neural representations by compressing the representational spread and stabilize the neural code by reducing the neural variance during memory encoding.

24.02.2026 08:42 👍 19 🔁 9 💬 1 📌 2
Preview
a little girl is making a funny face while wearing a blue shirt with a leopard print . ALT: a little girl is making a funny face while wearing a blue shirt with a leopard print .

We are excited to announce that we will host WMS2026!
The tentative dates are July 14th-17th, and we are currently looking for a postdoc to join the WMS2026 organizer team.
If you are interested, please submit your application using the link below (Deadline: March 29th)

forms.gle/noqsuEja2tB8...

24.02.2026 12:18 👍 17 🔁 13 💬 0 📌 2
Post image

New preprint 🚨

Across multiple tasks, we show that higher-level info is more readily accessible in WM before evidence accumulation begins. Attention then boosts perceptual detail.

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

A lot of fun with my colleagues @ckerren.bsky.social and @gonzalezgarcia.bsky.social

20.02.2026 15:22 👍 47 🔁 16 💬 0 📌 1

Check out our new preprint, which presents object-based retrieval processes in multisensory working memory. Here we show that unimodal feature probes incidentally reactivate untested tones and orientations of audiovisual objects. +

17.02.2026 14:33 👍 10 🔁 4 💬 1 📌 0
Preview
Long-term effects of working memory retrieval from prioritized and deprioritized states - Communications Psychology Testing items in working memory improves long-term memory, especially for deprioritized items. This benefit shows when WM retrieval requires continuous recall, suggesting self-generated reports streng...

Briefly not attending something may help you remember it later 🪄: new paper led by phenomenal PhD student Frieda Born (not on Bsky) out now in Comms Psychology:
www.nature.com/articles/s44...

17.02.2026 18:26 👍 24 🔁 12 💬 0 📌 1
Feature and space-based interference with functionally active and passive items in working memory Functionally active and passive states in working memory have been related to different neural mechanisms. Memoranda in active states might be maintained by persistent neural firing, whereas memoranda in passive states might be maintained through short-term synaptic plasticity. We reasoned that this might make these items differentially susceptible to interference during maintenance, in particular that passively maintained items might be more robust. To test this hypothesis, we gave our participants a working memory task in which one item was prioritised (active) by always probing it first, while the other item was deprioritised (passive) by always probing it second. In two experiments, on half the trials, we presented an interfering task during memory maintenance, in which the stimuli matched either the feature dimension of the memory items (colour or orientation), or their spatial location. Whether the interfering task appeared on a given trial was unpredictable. In a third experiment where participants were given prior knowledge of the interference condition, and finally in a fourth experiment we used a reward-based prioritisation cue. Across experiments, we found that both active and passive memory items were affected by interference to a similar extent, with overall performance being closely matched in all experiments. We further investigated precision and probability of target response parameters from the standard mixture model, which also showed no differences between states. We conclude that active and passive items, although potentially stored in different neuronal states, do not show differential susceptibility to interference. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

🎉 My first first-author paper was just accepted in JEP:HPP! We asked what “active” vs “passive” WM states do - do they protect against interference? Across 4 behavioural experiments we find no reliable protection. Updated preprint here: doi.org/10.1101/2024.02.05.578913 @elkanakyurek.bsky.social

27.01.2026 16:23 👍 17 🔁 5 💬 0 📌 0

🎉 New preprint 🎉 with Olya Bulatova, @drmack.bsky.social & @keisukefukuda.bsky.social! We decode shapes in working memory from EEG and show that representations are task-dependent, flexibly integrating information about category and task during the memory delay

21.01.2026 18:22 👍 32 🔁 11 💬 0 📌 1
Preview
a husky puppy is laying on the floor with its tongue out and wearing a blue collar . ALT: a husky puppy is laying on the floor with its tongue out and wearing a blue collar .

Here’s a thought that might make you tilt your head in curiosity: With every movement of your eyes, head, or body, the visual input to your eyes shifts! Nevertheless, it doesn't feel like the world does suddenly tilts sideways whenever you tilt your head. How can this be? TWEEPRINT ALERT! 🚨🧵 1/n

21.01.2026 12:28 👍 50 🔁 19 💬 1 📌 3
Preview
Ignorance is bliss: Exploring the dual role of knowledge in event segmentation - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Episodic memories are segmented. This study explores the dual role of prior knowledge in event segmentation, hypothesizing that knowledge leads to coarser segmentation when experiences align with it, ...

How does prior knowledge affect the way we experience the world?

In our new paper, we show that prior knowledge can both increase and decrease how often experience is segmented into events.

link.springer.com/article/10.3...

21.01.2026 11:02 👍 13 🔁 7 💬 1 📌 0
OSF

Excited to share our NEWEST PREPRINT led by @rochellekaper.bsky.social!!

osf.io/preprints/ps...

We ask: How do people learn multiple layers of environmental structure – w/o feedback – & how well do they *know* they’ve learned? Turns out, stimulus familiarity matters more than we thought! 🧵👇

15.01.2026 02:48 👍 34 🔁 11 💬 2 📌 2
(a) Mean cross-validated R2 for each model, averaged across participants and shown separately for each visual area (V1–hV4) and across all ROIs combined. Error bars indicate ± 1 SEM. All pairwise differences were significant except between the Contour-Based and Line Drawing–Steerable Pyramid Models in hV4. (b) Mean R2 by population receptive field eccentricity. Eccentricities of voxels are binned up to 4.2 visual angle which was the extent of the image from the central fixation mark. (c) Left: Visual ROI on an inflated surface map in fsaverage space. Right: R2 difference surface map in fsaverage space. R2 from the Photo-Steerable Pyramid Model was subtracted from the Contour Model. Positive values indicate bigger R2 values from Contour compared to Photo-Steerable Pyramid Model.

(a) Mean cross-validated R2 for each model, averaged across participants and shown separately for each visual area (V1–hV4) and across all ROIs combined. Error bars indicate ± 1 SEM. All pairwise differences were significant except between the Contour-Based and Line Drawing–Steerable Pyramid Models in hV4. (b) Mean R2 by population receptive field eccentricity. Eccentricities of voxels are binned up to 4.2 visual angle which was the extent of the image from the central fixation mark. (c) Left: Visual ROI on an inflated surface map in fsaverage space. Right: R2 difference surface map in fsaverage space. R2 from the Photo-Steerable Pyramid Model was subtracted from the Contour Model. Positive values indicate bigger R2 values from Contour compared to Photo-Steerable Pyramid Model.

What determines the perception of orientations in visual cortex, sharp contours or oriented spatial frequencies?

It's the contours, the building blocks for shape. Brilliant paper by Seohee Han out in Scientific Reports:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

@uoftpsychology.bsky.social

14.01.2026 20:12 👍 10 🔁 4 💬 0 📌 0

With some trepidation, I'm putting this out into the world:
gershmanlab.com/textbook.html
It's a textbook called Computational Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience, which I wrote for my class.

My hope is that this will be a living document, continuously improved as I get feedback.

09.01.2026 01:27 👍 586 🔁 237 💬 16 📌 10
Post image

New preprint: Inference over hidden contexts shapes the geometry of conceptual knowledge for flexible behaviour.

In this pre-reg study, our core claim was that we don’t just learn stimulus-reward. We infer hidden context and that inference re-wires attention and neural state space on the fly.
1/8

08.01.2026 07:46 👍 36 🔁 16 💬 1 📌 0
OSF

New preprint alert! 📢 Event segmentation allows us to parse continuous experience into meaningful events. Working memory (WM) is suggested to play a key role in this process, but how?

osf.io/preprints/ps...

31.12.2025 14:41 👍 3 🔁 5 💬 1 📌 1

What if we could tell you how well you’ll remember your next visit to your local coffee shop? ☕️

In our new Nature Human Behaviour paper, we show that the 𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝘀𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 can be measured with neuroimaging – and 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗵𝗼𝘄 𝘄𝗲𝗹𝗹 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗸.

05.01.2026 18:43 👍 72 🔁 25 💬 3 📌 2
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Noise in Competing Representations Determines the Direction of Memory Biases Our memories are reconstructions, prone to errors. Historically treated as a mere nuisance, memory errors have recently gained attention when found to be systematically shifted away from or towards no...

@shansmann-roth.bsky.social and I finally finished our paper confirming a unique prediction of the Demixing Model (DM): inter-item biases in #visualworkingmemory depend on the _relative_ noise of targets and non-targets, potentially going in opposing directions. 🧵1/9
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

26.12.2025 16:39 👍 10 🔁 4 💬 2 📌 1
Preview
a black cat is sitting in the snow with the words still waiting below it . ALT: a black cat is sitting in the snow with the words still waiting below it .

Many things in the world move, and can even move behind other things. When will the cat reappear? To predict this, remembering the cat’s speed will likely help. But... how do people remember something like speed, which is defined by displacement over both (🤯) space and time? TWEEPRINT ALERT! 🚨🧵1/n

17.12.2025 16:23 👍 23 🔁 6 💬 1 📌 0

Super excited to see this out in the world!

09.12.2025 16:09 👍 11 🔁 2 💬 0 📌 0