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Eleanor Holton

@eleanor-holton

Postdoc studying learning and decision-making @ Princeton Neuroscience Institute https://eleanorholton.github.io/

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17.09.2024
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Latest posts by Eleanor Holton @eleanor-holton

Postdoc position -- Social Learning and Cultural Evolution Postdoc position -- Social Learning and Cultural Evolution posted on March 2, 2026 We are currently seeking a highly motivated individual...

πŸš€ Postdoc Alert! Are you passionate about social learning & cultural evolution? @dominikdeffner.bsky.social & I have a 3-year position with freedom to develop your research and work on cutting-edge multiplayer and immersive experiments. Apply by March 30! hmc-lab.com/SocialLearni... Pls share πŸ™

02.03.2026 10:45 πŸ‘ 59 πŸ” 62 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 3
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🚨New pre-print🚨

osf.io/preprints/ps...

What if the relationship between smartphone use and mental health depends not just on specific harmful or beneficial activities, but also on how users transition between activities?

24.02.2026 13:39 πŸ‘ 51 πŸ” 20 πŸ’¬ 3 πŸ“Œ 3

Curiosity-filled conversations sparked this project and teamwork has carried it forward πŸ«‚

It's been a huge pleasure to be a part of it with @birtandemirel.bsky.social, Sage Boettcher @dynacog-lab.bsky.social, @kateewatkins.bsky.social and Kia Nobre @brognition.bsky.social πŸ€

Find out more πŸ¦‘πŸ—£οΈβŒ›οΈβ¬‡οΈ

19.02.2026 15:54 πŸ‘ 7 πŸ” 3 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

@summerfieldlab.bsky.social and I are very happy to share this paper! Building on work by @scychan.bsky.social, we show that how people learn depends on the distribution of examples they see, and changes in a way that’s very similar to transformer models.

06.01.2026 11:16 πŸ‘ 20 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Very happy to see "Pretending not to know reveals a capacity for model-based self-simulation", a collaboration with @chazfirestone.bsky.social and @ianbphillips.bsky.social, out in Psych. Science!

journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177...

🧡

10.02.2026 17:25 πŸ‘ 67 πŸ” 30 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 3
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πŸŽ‰ My PhD work has just been published in @natcomms.nature.com!

How do we learn who caused what - and how much control we had - when outcomes depend on multiple people? We studied how humans do so using a new social learning task, computational modelling and fMRI.

www.nature.com/articles/s41...
πŸ§΅πŸ‘‡

21.01.2026 13:27 πŸ‘ 52 πŸ” 19 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 2

Our new paper is out in @natmed.nature.com 😱! A thread:

Can our thoughts and feelings directly affect our physical well-being? Our pre-registered, double-blind RCT investigated this by testing if modulating the brain's reward system could enhance immune responses to vaccination.

21.01.2026 17:54 πŸ‘ 31 πŸ” 15 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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WARN-D machine learning competition is live Β» Eiko Fried If you share one single thing of our team in 2026β€”on social media or per email with your colleaguesβ€”please let it be this machine learning competition. It was half a decade of work to get here, especi...

After 5 years of data collection, our WARN-D machine learning competition to forecast depression onset is now LIVE! We hope many of you will participateβ€”we have incredibly rich data.

If you share a single thing of my lab this year, please make it this competition.

eiko-fried.com/warn-d-machi...

07.01.2026 19:39 πŸ‘ 188 πŸ” 159 πŸ’¬ 5 πŸ“Œ 5
What Would You Do Alone in a Cage with Nothing but Cocaine? A Philosophy of Addiction by Hanna Pickard

What Would You Do Alone in a Cage with Nothing but Cocaine? A Philosophy of Addiction by Hanna Pickard

A revolutionary new paradigm for understanding addiction.

What Would You Do Alone in a Cage with Nothing but Cocaine? by Hanna Pickard, illustrated by Marco Venniro, is now available (3 March UK pub).

Learn more: press.princeton.edu/books/hardco...

06.01.2026 19:09 πŸ‘ 22 πŸ” 4 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 10

A meta-analysis of studies using Tolman’s sunburst maze suggests poor replicability and little evidence for shortcutting. Ouch! Definitely relevant reading for anyone interested in cognitive maps! πŸ‘‡

06.01.2026 11:26 πŸ‘ 24 πŸ” 4 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Abstract

When we empathize with someone going through something, we often draw on our past experiences with the someone and the something. These kinds of experiences ground "thick empathy", a form of empathy that has been largely overlooked in the psychology and neuroscience literature. Consider how a mother, empathizing with her daughter about to give birth, can draw on her own experience of childbirth, and her relationship with her daughter, to deeply grasp what her daughter is going through in a way that others who lack those experiences cannot. I argue that thick empathy deserves more empirical attention because it is associated with well-being and helps us build networks of effective mutual social support. My analysis highlights novel risks and dilemmas posed by "empathy machines" that promise to enhance or even replace human empathy and are becoming increasingly popular as a potential solution to widespread loneliness. Even when empathy machines provide value to individuals, their widespread adoption risks imposing collective emotional and epistemic costs that ultimately make it harder for us to empathize well.

Keywords: empathy, understanding, experience, thick description, ethnography, phenomenal knowledge, interpersonal knowledge, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, chatbots

Abstract When we empathize with someone going through something, we often draw on our past experiences with the someone and the something. These kinds of experiences ground "thick empathy", a form of empathy that has been largely overlooked in the psychology and neuroscience literature. Consider how a mother, empathizing with her daughter about to give birth, can draw on her own experience of childbirth, and her relationship with her daughter, to deeply grasp what her daughter is going through in a way that others who lack those experiences cannot. I argue that thick empathy deserves more empirical attention because it is associated with well-being and helps us build networks of effective mutual social support. My analysis highlights novel risks and dilemmas posed by "empathy machines" that promise to enhance or even replace human empathy and are becoming increasingly popular as a potential solution to widespread loneliness. Even when empathy machines provide value to individuals, their widespread adoption risks imposing collective emotional and epistemic costs that ultimately make it harder for us to empathize well. Keywords: empathy, understanding, experience, thick description, ethnography, phenomenal knowledge, interpersonal knowledge, virtual reality, artificial intelligence, chatbots

New preprint: Empathy, Thick and Thin
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers....

It is perhaps foolhardy to attempt to say something new about a topic as widely studied as empathy. I tried anyway! 1/

11.12.2025 20:50 πŸ‘ 251 πŸ” 67 πŸ’¬ 12 πŸ“Œ 11
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The effects of task similarity during representation learning in brains and neural networks Nature Communications - Here, the authors show learning tasks with similar structures can initially cause interference and slow down learning, but both the brain and artificial networks gradually...

Our new paper, now published in @natcomms.nature.com , asks a simple question: when two tasks share a common structure, does the brain learn them more efficiently? Surprisingly, this was not the case. Thread below (1/7)
rdcu.be/eSwvU

02.12.2025 09:41 πŸ‘ 87 πŸ” 35 πŸ’¬ 4 πŸ“Œ 1

There are 3 Oxford-based post doc positions for this Wellcome Trust project that will be advertised soon!

If you have experinece in neurostimulation (tms/tus) and/or modelling of cogneuro data in humans do contact one of us (me, @mkflugge.bsky.social @lilweb.bsky.social, Jacinta OShea) to discuss!

20.11.2025 12:21 πŸ‘ 15 πŸ” 14 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 3
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A habit and working memory model as an alternative account of human reward-based learning Nature Human Behaviour - In this study, Collins proposes an alternative dual-process (working memory and habit) model of reinforcement learning in humans.

My paper is out!
Computational modeling of error patterns during reward-based learning show evidence that habit learning (value free!) supplements working memory in 7 human data sets.
rdcu.be/eQjLN

17.11.2025 17:18 πŸ‘ 132 πŸ” 49 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 3
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Estimating cognitive biases with attention-aware inverse planning People's goal-directed behaviors are influenced by their cognitive biases, and autonomous systems that interact with people should be aware of this. For example, people's attention to objects in their...

Excited to share a new preprint, accepted as a spotlight at #NeurIPS2025!

Humans are imperfect decision-makers, and autonomous systems should understand how we deviate from idealized rationality

Our paper aims to address this! πŸ‘€πŸ§ βœ¨
arxiv.org/abs/2510.25951

a 🧡‡️

13.11.2025 13:20 πŸ‘ 62 πŸ” 14 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 2

πŸ˜‚πŸ™

31.10.2025 20:29 πŸ‘ 0 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

When does new learning interfere with existing knowledge in people and ANNs? Great to have this out today in @nathumbehav.nature.com

Work with @summerfieldlab.bsky.social, @tsonj.bsky.social, Lukas Braun and Jan Grohn
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

31.10.2025 14:47 πŸ‘ 65 πŸ” 21 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

These computational considerations have implications for understanding the algorithms supporting goal pursuitβ€”and how miscalibration of these mechanisms might relate to mental health

29.10.2025 15:56 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

We explore three adaptive reasons for "stubborn goals": (1) efficient use of cognitive resources, (2) shielding decisions from interference/temptation, and (3) scaffolding motivation when rewards are abstract or distant

29.10.2025 15:56 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Super happy to see this review out! We ask why people are so reluctant to abandon goals and how this commitment could be understood computationally. Work with Jill O'Reilly & @yaelniv.bsky.social

29.10.2025 15:56 πŸ‘ 49 πŸ” 19 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1
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🚨Out now in @cp-trendscognsci.bsky.social 🚨

We explore the use of cognitive theories/models with real-world data for understanding mental health.

We review emerging studies and discuss challenges and opportunities of this approach.

With @yaelniv.bsky.social and @eriknook.bsky.social

Thread ⬇️

29.09.2025 15:04 πŸ‘ 95 πŸ” 32 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 4

Check out @gaiamolinaro.bsky.social 's new paper!

09.09.2025 13:31 πŸ‘ 12 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Check out @tifenpan.bsky.social 's just published paper! we demonstrate how to use RNNs to infer latent variables from cognitive models, even when standard methods don't work easily.

29.08.2025 21:19 πŸ‘ 35 πŸ” 9 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 1
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My Lab at the University of EdinburghπŸ‡¬πŸ‡§ has funded PhD positions for this cycle!

We study the computational principles of how people learn, reason, and communicate.

It's a new lab, and you will be playing a big role in shaping its culture and foundations.

Spread the words!

17.08.2025 11:52 πŸ‘ 57 πŸ” 21 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 5
OSF

New preprint by William D'Alessandro and myself:

The promise and peril of AI surrogacy in psychological research

osf.io/preprints/ps...

09.08.2025 08:06 πŸ‘ 9 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1
Cartoon image of me looking at a map, with a stadium behind me and a hotel and ferris wheel across the river in the background. I am thinking about going to the ferris wheel

Cartoon image of me looking at a map, with a stadium behind me and a hotel and ferris wheel across the river in the background. I am thinking about going to the ferris wheel

My first PhD paper - with @lhuntneuro.bsky.social and @summerfieldlab.bsky.social - is now out in @plosbiology.org! We ask: how do humans (and deep neural networks) navigate flexibly even in unfamiliar environments, such as a new city? Link: plos.io/45uSwNm 🧡 (1/6)

07.08.2025 20:36 πŸ‘ 31 πŸ” 11 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

I’m thrilled to announce that I will start as a presidential assistant professor in Neuroscience at the City U of Hong Kong in Jan 2026!
I have RA, PhD, and postdoc positions available! Come work with me on neural network models + experiments on human memory!
RT appreciated!
(1/5)

08.05.2025 01:16 πŸ‘ 130 πŸ” 39 πŸ’¬ 14 πŸ“Œ 4
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Does sleeping on an idea work? Here’s what science says. Scientists are finding experimental evidence that the transition between wakefulness and sleep is a portal for creative thought.

Does Sleeping on a idea work? Nice to see our work led by the amazing @anikaloewe.bsky.social and @maritpetzka.bsky.social featured together with other studies in the WaPo:

www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/202...

Our preprint www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

19.03.2025 16:52 πŸ‘ 26 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
OSF

We are excited to post a new preprint with Shiyi Liang @shiyiliang.bsky.social:

'Reinforcement learning is positively associated with anhedonia symptoms' osf.io/preprints/ps...
(a bit late here – a version was online back in December)

@mpc-comppsych.bsky.social

19.03.2025 15:31 πŸ‘ 31 πŸ” 12 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0
OSF

New preprint πŸ“ - another fun collaboration with @arikahn.bsky.social, @licezhang.bsky.social, @nathanieldaw.bsky.social, @hartleylabnyu.bsky.social

We ask: Why do children and adults often derive different representations of their environments from the same experiences? πŸ§ πŸ‘ΆπŸ”Ž

osf.io/preprints/ps...

06.03.2025 12:54 πŸ‘ 45 πŸ” 13 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0