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Sofya Garushyants

@garushyants

Evolutionary microbiology, horizontal gene transfer, bacterial defense systems and beyond. Currently postdoc in Koonin's group. All opinions are mine

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17.02.2024
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Latest posts by Sofya Garushyants @garushyants

Out today: We discovered new viral proteins that target immune signaling molecules, solely based on their AlphaFold-predicted shapes

www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

Congrats Nitzan Tal and coauthors! Thank you Kranzusch lab for the fun collaboration!

Linking below previous thread on our findings

05.03.2026 19:28 πŸ‘ 103 πŸ” 49 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 5
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Stunning new structural analysis and mechanism for Tmn anti-phage defense by @fnobrega.bsky.social

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.6...

03.03.2026 21:08 πŸ‘ 47 πŸ” 17 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

A tremendous story about a defense system that triggers plasmolysis! It was an incredibly exciting puzzle to crack. Huge thanks to @fnobrega.bsky.social for the opportunity to work on this!

03.03.2026 23:41 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 1 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Made a short video as a response. 3 questions remain for me.

1) What is the definition of a "DEl activity," and how is it being communicated to NIH staff so they can determine whether a grant qualifies?

(Continued below)

01.03.2026 22:24 πŸ‘ 116 πŸ” 50 πŸ’¬ 6 πŸ“Œ 8
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Convergent MurJ flippase inhibition by phage lysis proteins - Nature A common mechanism of inhibition of the essential lipid II flippase MurJ by three distinct phage-encoded single-gene lysis proteins provides insights into potential new targets for antimicrobial development.

Nature research paper: Convergent MurJ flippase inhibition by phage lysis proteins

go.nature.com/4aAWHKb

02.03.2026 10:48 πŸ‘ 21 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

➑️ preprint from the lab! Bacteria have loads of antiviral defences in their mobile genetic elements (MGEs). So when MGEs move between bacteria, the defences move with them, generating a fast turnover of defences in bacteria. But what about the antiviral defence turnover in the MGEs themselves? πŸ€”

πŸ§΅πŸ‘‡

02.03.2026 08:36 πŸ‘ 75 πŸ” 45 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 3
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The MicrobeAtlas database: Global trends and insights into Earth’s microbial ecosystems MicrobeAtlas (www.microbeatlas.org) is an integrated, reference-based resource for truly planet-wide microbiomics, analyzing hundreds of thousands of microbial lineages across diverse environments, co...

MicrobeAtlas is now published in Cell. 🌐🌎🦠

Explore the paper and resource to see what large-scale microbiome data reveal about global ecological patterns:
www.cell.com/cell/fulltex...

For a concrete application, see our recent work on β€œCommunity conservatism”:
www.nature.com/articles/s41...

25.02.2026 16:05 πŸ‘ 41 πŸ” 19 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Spatial structure: shaping the ecology and evolution of microbial communities Spatial structure naturally emerges in microbial communities, shaping growth, interactions, and evolution, and revealing how microscale processes scale up

Most microbes don't live in shaking flasks; spatial structure shapes how microbes interact and evolve at every scale, as we discuss in our recent review @jeroenmeijer.bsky.social @simonvanvliet.bsky.social @bedutilh.bsky.social @bramvandijk.bsky.social and others
academic.oup.com/femsre/artic... πŸ§΅πŸ‘‡

12.02.2026 15:46 πŸ‘ 50 πŸ” 28 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 3

Koonin's lab in NIH is looking for postdocs. If you know someone who is interested, please spread the word. The details about the position are below: www.training.nih.gov/jobs/pdf-ecb...

17.02.2026 19:36 πŸ‘ 18 πŸ” 21 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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AlphaFold Database welcomes community datasets Latest AlphaFold Database update adds high-value datasets for microbial and viral proteins, generated by specialist communities

Delighted to see over 17 million new protein structure predictions from novel proteins in AllTheBacteria are now integrated into the AlphaFold Database at @ebi.embl.org !
Huge work from @gbouras13.bsky.social @oschwengers.bsky.social and friends to generate these.

www.ebi.ac.uk/about/news/u...

17.02.2026 13:52 πŸ‘ 97 πŸ” 26 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 2

FYI were starting weird structure/evolution/biology stuff at Glasgow University!

If you're interested let me know! Tell your friends!

CRYO www.jobs.gla.ac.uk/job/research...

BIOINFO www.jobs.gla.ac.uk/job/research...

TECHNICIAN www.jobs.gla.ac.uk/job/technici...

#science #hiring #evolution

18.01.2026 14:42 πŸ‘ 7 πŸ” 6 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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My colleague Victor Tobiasson has just started his lab at the University of Glasgow and is recruiting postdocs! If you’re into structural biology and non-model organisms, this is a great place to be! Check out his new eukaryogenesis paper that is out today: www.nature.com/articles/s41...

15.01.2026 01:55 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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Dominant contribution of Asgard archaea to eukaryogenesis www.nature.com/articles/s41...

14.01.2026 18:23 πŸ‘ 28 πŸ” 12 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 2

Neisseria gonorrhoeae carries an unusually large number of restriction–modification systems (up to 16!), many of which are phase-variable. How does this affect plasmid transmission in gonococci? doi.org/10.64898/202...

13.01.2026 13:40 πŸ‘ 14 πŸ” 10 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0

Congrats! It is a tremendous project! Χ—Χ Χ•Χ›Χ” Χ©ΧžΧ—

17.12.2025 22:02 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
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POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCHER - McDermott Center HG&D - Seplyarskiy Lab Discover POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCHER - McDermott Center HG&D - Seplyarskiy Lab and other PostDoc jobs in Dallas, TX and apply online today!

Job AD. Research Directions:
1. Selection in early development; Pop gen methods applied to new technologies, i.e. scDNA-seq with D. Shao
2. Study of hypermutability and selection using population cohorts with E. Koch
3. Evolution of Mutagenesis with M. Penenell & @jgschraiber.bsky.social

08.12.2025 17:31 πŸ‘ 9 πŸ” 8 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Divergent viral phosphodiesterases for immune signaling evasion Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) and other short oligonucleotides play fundamental roles in immune system activation in organisms ranging from bacteria to …

Work I co-led with @jnoms.bsky.social is now online at
@cp-cellhostmicrobe.bsky.social ! We revealed a previously unrealized diversity of viral immune-evasion proteins that selectively destroy different cyclic nucleotide signals used in bacterial immunity.

www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...

25.11.2025 21:10 πŸ‘ 51 πŸ” 21 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 3
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Protein domains have no single definition, so why stick to one segmentation? 🧩

Instead of forcing structures into rigid classifications, we built AFragmenter. It uses AlphaFold PAE networks for a tuneable approach to domain parsing.

You control the granularity. πŸ‘‡
πŸ”— doi.org/10.1093/bioi...

24.11.2025 16:01 πŸ‘ 18 πŸ” 9 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0
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Intracellular competition shapes plasmid population dynamics From populations of multicellular organisms to selfish genetic elements, conflicts between levels of biological organization are central to evolution. Plasmids are extrachromosomal, self-replicating g...

Hot off the press! Our latest paper led by @fernpizza.bsky.social, understanding how plasmids evolve inside cells. These small, self-replicating DNA circles live inside bacteria and carry antibiotic resistance genes, but also compete with one another to replicate. 1/
www.science.org/doi/10.1126/...

20.11.2025 21:42 πŸ‘ 437 πŸ” 199 πŸ’¬ 11 πŸ“Œ 18
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KlebPhaCol: a community-driven resource for Klebsiella research identified a novel phage family Abstract. The growing threat of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, coupled with its role in gut colonisation, has intensified the search for new tr

Happy to be part of this tremendous effort lead by @fnobrega.bsky.social to build a community-driven collection of Klebsiella strains & phages.

Keep an eye on the Felixviridae, these phages are wild and seem to swap huge genome segments with ease πŸ‘€πŸ§¬

20.11.2025 17:44 πŸ‘ 6 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0

Congratulations! Well deserved!

14.11.2025 14:37 πŸ‘ 1 πŸ” 0 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0
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Python is not a great language for data science. Part 1: The experience It may be a good language for data science, but it’s not a great one.

I've done a lot of work in Python this fall, and it hasn't endeared me to the language at all. Why does stuff have to be so complicated when you're doing it in Python?
blog.genesmindsmachines.com/p/python-is-...

13.11.2025 16:16 πŸ‘ 61 πŸ” 15 πŸ’¬ 15 πŸ“Œ 1

Super excited that the bulk of my PhD work is now preprinted! Here we used whole-community competition, or coalescence, experiments to quantify selection acting on genetically diverged strains within larger communities. (1/n)
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

11.11.2025 17:14 πŸ‘ 102 πŸ” 48 πŸ’¬ 3 πŸ“Œ 2
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Gluing a bulky host protein onto an immune surveillance complex is a wild mechanism of viral immune evasion!

@natmicrobiol.nature.com
#phagesky #phage #microsky

www.nature.com/articles/s41...

12.11.2025 17:47 πŸ‘ 49 πŸ” 10 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 0

Two days left to apply for a PhD or postdoc position in my lab!

11.11.2025 13:37 πŸ‘ 4 πŸ” 6 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 0
Letter from Francis Crick to James D. Watson - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine

Here is the full letter:

collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:...

08.11.2025 00:08 πŸ‘ 19 πŸ” 6 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 1

Last year it was discovered that a single bacterial NLR-like protein can recognize multiple, structurally unrelated phage proteins (BΓ©chon et al, Kibby et al)

Now, a new study shows the same for a plant NLR. Another example how principles of immunity remain conserved from bacteria to eukaryotes

02.11.2025 18:34 πŸ‘ 57 πŸ” 17 πŸ’¬ 2 πŸ“Œ 0
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Plasmid dependent phage eliminate pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance plasmids from the chicken gut microbiome Conjugative plasmids are a key reservoir of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal and pathogenic bacteria within the gut microbiome. Plasmid-dependent phage (PDPs) are a promising therapeutic op...

New pre-print: Plasmid dependent phage effectively eliminate AMR bacteria and block plasmid transmission in the chicken gut microbiome

Fun collaboration with Tao He lab (JAAS) and @brockhurstlab.bsky.social lab (Manchester)
#phagesky#microsky

www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...

27.10.2025 08:19 πŸ‘ 48 πŸ” 25 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 4
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Jumbo phage–mediated transduction of genomic islands | PNAS Bacteria acquire new genes by horizontal gene transfer, typically mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). While plasmids, bacteriophages, and c...

@prczhaoyansong.bsky.social’s deep dive into the dark matter of compost communities is now out πŸŽ‰ Genomic islands hijack jumbo phagesβ€”whose capsids enable transfer of large tracts of DNAβ€”shedding new light on the scale & scope of phage-mediated gene flow 😎

www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...

28.10.2025 18:36 πŸ‘ 71 πŸ” 46 πŸ’¬ 1 πŸ“Œ 2

Are you interested in studying RNA phages? We are looking for a PhD student and a postdoc to join the lab!

For more information and how to apply, see below πŸ‘‡

Please RT!

17.10.2025 12:52 πŸ‘ 31 πŸ” 40 πŸ’¬ 0 πŸ“Œ 2