Key Michigan lawmakers seek action on crowded elementary school classes
Lansing — State lawmakers from both sides of the political aisle said they plan to take steps in the coming months to try to lower crowded class sizes in Michigan's schools.
Legislators and school superintendents have floated ideas in recent days for accomplishing the goal, ranging from capping the number of students allowed in classes to allocating money specifically for addressing packed rooms to changing the way the state divvies up dollars for education.
During a Tuesday press conference, Michigan House Speaker Matt Hall, R-Richland Township, said his caucus is interested in addressing class sizes and that legislation would be “forthcoming” to tackle high student-to-teacher ratios. The GOP House leader didn't outline what the upcoming measure would be.
“It’s something we’ve been hearing anecdotally from a lot of parents across our districts,” Hall told reporters. “They feel that, in a lot of these cases, these kids are in classes that are too big.”
On Tuesday, The Detroit News reported the results of a months-long investigation that found thousands of Michigan elementary school students were learning in classes that featured 30 children or more. Through records obtained under the state's Freedom of Information Act, The News tracked 206 individual elementary school classrooms across 48 school districts in the past two years that featured at least 30 students.
Amid ongoing concerns about inadequate reading scores in Michigan, the class size numbers revealed by The News conflicted with guidelines detailed in a majority of other states and with what Michigan education officials said would create the ideal environment to promote learning.
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Michigan Superintendent of Public Instruction Michael Rice, who leads the state Department of Education, said elementary school classrooms should be "markedly" smaller than 30 students. Rice said the class sizes for kindergarten through third grade in high-poverty areas should be about 17-19 students.
In March, state Senate Education Chairwoman Dayna Polehanki, D-Livonia, announced she wanted to consider placing class size caps for grades kindergarten through third grade in schools with high rates of students living in poverty.
"I'd like to see class sizes capped in high-poverty districts in K-3 to give the kids that time with the teacher," Polehanki said. "So the teacher has that individualized time with that student."
Polehanki said she is working with the Michigan Department of Education on optimal class sizes to put into state policy.
Such a policy would represent a significant shift for Michigan, which has some of the largest elementary school class sizes in the nation, according to data from the National Center for Education Statistics.
While at least 31 of the 50 states have laws about class sizes, tie funding to small classes or set goals for their schools to attempt to meet and for which to be accountable, Michigan currently doesn't. As an example, Tennessee state law includes both average class size benchmarks for school buildings and maximum class size limits for individual classes.
The average class size standard in Tennessee for kindergarten through third grade is 20 students per class and the maximum limit is 25. Of 797 individual elementary school classes examined by The News in Michigan for the 2024-25 school year, 63% had 25 or more students in them.
About one in seven classrooms examined by The News had 30 or more students.
'A packed environment'
Cindy Eyestone, who has two children at Carkenord Elementary within L'Anse Creuse Public Schools in Macomb County, is among the Michigan parents who would like to see lawmakers or school leaders take action regarding the size of elementary school classes in the state.
Eyestone previously worked in the Detroit school district for 25 years. This school year, she's served as a substitute teacher at her kids' school. One of her children is in a kindergarten class with 26 students in it, she said.
It's "absolutely ludicrous" to think a single teacher would be able to educate a kindergarten class of 26 students and meet the 5-year-old students' emotional needs, Eyestone said. Students' behavior has gotten worse than it was years ago and their social needs have increased, she said of her prior experience serving as a teacher.
“We can’t develop children in a packed environment," Eyestone said.
"Let’s take a fish tank, for instance. You’re limited to the amount of fish you can put in a fish tank," Eyestone said. "Otherwise, they don’t grow properly. They don’t have enough room to grow. These are fish. … Yet, you’re shoving 26 kids into a classroom and putting a teacher in front of them.”
In response to a public records request from The News, L'Anse Creuse Public Schools reported two fourth grade classes and two fifth grade classes at Carkenord Elementary with 30 students this school year.
But Molly Macek, director of education policy at the free-market-oriented Mackinac Center for Public Policy in Midland, argued Tuesday that decisions on class sizes should be left up to individual schools.
Likewise, Macek said improving teacher quality would be a better focus for lawmakers than shrinking class sizes.
Funding models
Nikolai Vitti, the superintendent of the Detroit Public Schools Community District, said his district has been working intentionally to lower its class sizes.
Michigan needs to create a more aggressive and better-funded teacher development and retention process so it has enough educators to lower class sizes, he said.
"This can be assisted by funding districts and schools with a class size cap in mind," said Vitti, who has led Michigan's largest school district for nearly eight years.
Michigan lawmakers primarily fund school districts through an annual budget that's based on a per-pupil foundation allowance. Districts get base-level funding of $9,608 per student. So whether that student is in a class with 15 other children or in a class with 30 others, the base funding remains the same, giving schools little direct financial incentive to shrink the size of classes.
The state could supplement the per-pupil model with a class-size-ratio-funding model, tying some portion of the money to class sizes, Vitti said.
Multiple superintendents told The News that one obstacle to pursuing smaller class sizes in Michigan is the unpredictability of state funding.
Michigan lawmakers decide independently each year how much funding schools will get for the next school year and the overall funding level is tied to enrollment, which can swing from year to year. The per-pupil funding approach, adopted as part of Proposal A in 1994, was based in part on holding schools accountable by having the money follow the student, whose family could decide to switch districts if they were dissatisfied.
Schools need additional taxpayer support but also "sustained and predictable" funding, said Matthew Lobban, the superintendent of Davison Community Schools in Genesee County.
"With reliable funding, we could recruit and retain more instructional, intervention and support staff, ensuring that students receive the targeted academic and behavioral supports they need," Lobban said.
'Where the rub is'
Lawmakers took steps last year to give school districts the ability to use some of the dollars they receive for economically disadvantaged students to lower class sizes, said Sen. Darrin Camilleri, a Trenton Democrat and former teacher who chairs the Senate subcommittee that crafts the annual budget for Michigan's K-12 schools.
In next year's state budget, which will be debated in the coming months, Camilleri said he wants to find additional funding for decreasing class sizes in Michigan. Lowering class sizes leads to better academic outcomes, the Downriver lawmaker said.
"That is the clearest data that we can find," Camilleri said of the strategy.
The Democratic-led Michigan Senate and the Republican-controlled state House will have to work together on the upcoming budget.
State Rep. Tim Kelly, R-Saginaw Township, chairman of the state House Appropriations Subcommittee on School Aid, said Tuesday he is open to hearing more about Polehanki's idea of capping class sizes for high-poverty schools.
"I'm not going to say to hell with that," Kelly said.
Most people believe small class sizes will lead to better outcomes, the Republican legislator said.
Asked if he agreed with that idea, Kelly responded, "Overall, yeah."
"But I think if you have a highly effective teacher, it really doesn't matter," Kelly said. "That's where the rub is."
cmauger@detroitnews.com
Staff Writer Beth LeBlanc contributed.
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This article originally appeared on The Detroit News: Key Michigan lawmakers seek action on crowded elementary school classes