The cloud feedback in 2023 is a perfect match with surface SAT and SST patterns. This alone shows that it had now been SOy termination in 2020 as these surface patterns developed because of circulation changes (e.g. blocking patterns) and soil moisture temperature cascades (reduces cloud cover).
The cloud feedback happened over Canada and the Amazon (soil moisture temperature cascade, blocking evens, and SST patterns - drives e.g. drying out of the Amazon)
The we had in the Indian Ocean a positive Indian Ocean Dipole. Eastern Indian Ocean gets cooler than normal and a high-pressure systems develops there (air ascends thereby low cloud cover as tropical SST are lower than normal - reduces convection/clouds)
Over the Northern Hemisphere oceans we had a cloud cover over the Northern Pacific that had been covered by extreme marine heatwaves. Especially, the marine heatwave over the Kuroshio extension region (east of Japan) had been caused by poleward warm water transport and a westward expansion of the subtropical North Pacific high-pressure system. Also here not too much influence of SOx reductions as we speak here about a high-pressure system with low cloud cover.
Then we marine heatwave off West Africa that persisted from April to end of 2023. Also here a stuck persistent high pressure system one main cause.
Further, marine heatwaves are initiated by high-pressure systems which then reduce cloud cover - known feedback of high SSTs.
Here the marine heatwave off West Africa - perfect match with the cloud feedback in 2023. This image also shows the abnormal shallow ocean heat uptake under the marine heatwave. These marine heatwaves seem to shift ocean heat uptake to shallower depths where they persist. But confirmation of studies needed here.
And here the marine heatwave across the North Pacific. Also here the cloud feedback is a perfect match with SSTAs.
The main problem with the cloud feedback in 2023: it had been feedback driven by circulation changes, the physical upper ocean, poleward heat transport, the soil-moisture-temperature cascade (droughts), and the strengthening pattern of climate modes (El Nino and positive Indian Ocean Dipole).
Further, the ice losses around Antarctica also seemed to have played a role for the Albedo feedback in 2023. This means that the Albedo feedback in 2023 had been a emergent Earth system reaction to the warming...
Now the study got published that we've had a cloud feedback in 2023
Posted it some months ago as a preprint. Attached a map showing where we had the cloud feedback.
Perfect match with surface temperature patterns
Its a feedback much worse than SOx termination...
#climate #uöäü1MHW #IPPC #2°C