Web-Based Application to Support Caregivers in the Use of Learning Optimization Methods: Participatory Action Research Study
Background: Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCDs) frequently lead to difficulties in performing activities. Several studies have shown that people living with an MNCD benefit from the use of learning optimization methods from cognitive rehabilitation, such as error-free learning, motor encoding, spaced retrieval, and fading, which promote the safe pursuit of their meaningful activities. However, while the principles of learning optimization methods are relatively straightforward, the personalized application of these methods to the specific situations encountered can be more difficult. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the codevelopment process, including the validation of a web application called “Aide-Mémoire-Interactif (AMI),” a tool to help in personalizing learning optimization methods. Methods: To design the web application, participatory action research based on a codevelopment and validation process was carried out. The various stages leading to the codevelopment of the AMI web application were grouped into 3 phases: (1) assessment of caregivers’ needs (identification of situations frequently encountered by people living with an MNCD); (2) production of the first version of the AMI web application; and (3) validation of the AMI application. Individual interviews and workshops were conducted with 20 participants (caregivers, health and social service professionals, and community organization workers) to obtain a diversity of viewpoints and application contexts of use. Results: The AMI web application was developed through an iterative, participatory process involving caregivers and professionals. Participants identified daily situations requiring the use of learning optimization methods and provided feedback that guided successive refinements to the content, answer choices, navigation, and personalization features. The logical architecture was built according to the rationale underlying learning optimization methods. The final version enables users to generate tailored strategies for specific situations, access educational capsules, and save personalized strategies. Participants reported improved clarity, usability, and relevance. Conclusions: This participatory action research enabled the codevelopment and validation of the AMI web application to support the operationalization of learning optimization methods for people living with an MNCD by personalizing them to the situations encountered daily as well as to the underlying cognitive difficulties. By involving caregivers, professionals, and users, this process contributed to the development of a web application that meets user needs and their appreciation.
