韋伯望遠鏡首度解析遙遠單一星系中的多數個別恆星
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<div id="outlineList_top" style="display:none;"></div><p>觀測數十億光年外星系的個別恆星一直是天文學的大挑戰。如今韋伯太空望遠鏡透過重力透鏡效應，讓天文學家首度在距地球約 65 億光年的星系辨識破紀錄的 44 顆恆星，為探索暗物質及星系結構提供新研究方法。<span id="more-1329912"></span></p><div class="inside_AD no-ad-env" id="inside_AD" style="display:none"><!-- /95946079/(ON)TN_TW_PC_DTL_Content01_970x250 -->
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<p><img alt="" src="https://img.technews.tw/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/09141451/Abell-370.jpg"/></p>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>▲ 因受距地球約40億光年的Abell 370星系團重力透鏡影響，某些位於星系團後方的背景星系扭曲成數條發光弧狀影像，包括中央左下方的「龍弧」星系。（Source：NASA）</strong></p>
<p>這些恆星位於「龍弧」（Dragon Arc）星系，此星系影像受Abell 370星系團重力透鏡效應影響，亮度增強且放大拉伸成長弧形，讓韋伯望遠鏡能逐一解析個別恆星。這是天文學家首次在如此遙遠星系，觀測研究大量恆星，並解析星系暗物質分布。</p>
<p><img alt="" class="aligncenter" src="https://img.technews.tw/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/09141454/Gravitational-microlensing-effect.jpg"/></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>▲ 藉由星系團漂流恆星與暗物質的重力微透鏡效應，將位於星系團後方遙遠星系的恆星光線亮度放大數倍。（Source：Fudamoto Yoshinobu）</strong></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img alt="" class="aligncenter" src="https://img.technews.tw/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/09141453/Abell-370_02.jpg"/></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong>▲ Abell 370星系團放大影像呈現中央下方，受重力透鏡影響呈扭曲弧狀的「龍弧」星系影像，研究發現的44顆恆星均來自於此。（Source：NASA）</strong></p>
<p>團隊發現的恆星，多為演化末期的紅超巨星。對比過去僅能辨識出高溫的藍超巨星，韋伯望遠鏡優異的紅外波段觀測能力，讓天文學家能在尋找重力透鏡效應放大的星系團背景星系過程，意外發現大量低溫恆星，也將為星系演化提供關鍵新數據。由於遙遠星系通常呈現模糊光斑形狀，要從影像分析出個別恆星十分困難。然而透過力透鏡效應增強遠處星系光線的亮度，讓韋伯望遠鏡解析遙遠恆星。團隊表示過去觀測，通常每個星系僅能解析一兩顆恆星，但如果要深入研究星系恆星族群分布，就需要更多個別恆星數據。</p>
<p>團隊將利用韋伯望遠鏡，研究更多龍弧星系恆星，並期待解析約數百顆恆星細節。這些資料不僅有助探索星系形成與演化，更能提供重力透鏡結構及暗物質等研究使用，對觀測遙遠宇宙恆星有重大貢獻。</p>
<p><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02432-3">Identification of more than 40 gravitationally magnified stars in a galaxy at redshift 0.725</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/treasure-trove-unseen-stars-seen-beyond-dragon-arc">A Treasure Trove of Unseen Stars Seen Beyond the ‘Dragon Arc’</a></li>
</ul>
<p>（本文由 <a href="https://tam.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=EF86D8AF23B9A85B&sms=F32C4FF0AC5C2801&s=62BB33519F8D2724">台北天文館</a> 授權轉載；首圖來源：<a href="https://pixabay.com/photos/starry-sky-milky-way-night-sky-2051448/">Pixabay</a>）</p>
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