Latest posts tagged with #viralload on Bluesky
This study reports rare #HBV #MothertoChild transmission despite low maternal viral load & neonatal #immunoprophylaxis, revealing genotype switching & quasispecies diversity, underscoring mechanisms beyond #viralload.
#IDSky #EpiSky #ImmunoSky
#OpenAccess: doi.org/10.1016/j.dc...
Genotype switching in hepatitis B virus as a potential risk for vertical transmission from mother-to-child was first reported
First report of #HBV mother‑to‑child transmission despite low #maternal #viralload and #immunoprophylaxis, revealing #GenotypeSwitching and quasispecies diversity as key factors in #MTCT mechanisms.
#IDSky #EpiSky #ImmunoSky #MedSky #PublicHealth
#OpenAccess: doi.org/10.1016/j.dc...
#HIV32
#ViralCharacteristics #CD4Cells #HIVSymptoms #AIDS #OpportunisticInfections #Diagnosis #ViralLoad #EnvelopeProteins #CapsidProteins #ReverseTranscriptase #CoReceptorBinding #HIVTreatment #Immunodeficiency #InfectiousDiseases #HIVAwareness
#Medsky🧪 #IDsky #immunosky #virosky #publichealth In a setting with well-controlled #HIV & high #COVID19vaccine coverage, HIV status was not associated with #SARSCoV2 #viralload or infection duration.
@jidjournal.bsky.social
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
![Five major mechanisms by which the virus, vRNA, and viral antigens may cause multiple and different pathologies in Long COVID patients. (A) A causative factor in a large subset of patients with LC is that reservoirs of virus, viral RNA (vRNA), and/or fragments may persist in multiple sites of the body. (B) This causes chronic inflammation, overstimulating innate and adaptive immune cells, and providing continuous viral antigenic stimuli to (C) exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells [31,33,34,35,36]. This may result in damage to major organ systems, leading to neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, muscular, and psychiatric pathologies [43,44]. (D–F) Other possible causative factors of LC include metabolic disturbances, immune dysbiosis, micro-clotting, endothelial dysfunction [38,43,45,46,47], and the reactivation of HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, and HHV-6 [48,49]. This Figure is created using BioRender.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:wvmvjmwdooynkpxdwlghnvq6/bafkreih2aughrfztcc6tq45wuusiaj2626vlu57hnnxhiktzoyhmagec2i)
Five major mechanisms by which the virus, vRNA, and viral antigens may cause multiple and different pathologies in Long COVID patients. (A) A causative factor in a large subset of patients with LC is that reservoirs of virus, viral RNA (vRNA), and/or fragments may persist in multiple sites of the body. (B) This causes chronic inflammation, overstimulating innate and adaptive immune cells, and providing continuous viral antigenic stimuli to (C) exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells [31,33,34,35,36]. This may result in damage to major organ systems, leading to neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, muscular, and psychiatric pathologies [43,44]. (D–F) Other possible causative factors of LC include metabolic disturbances, immune dysbiosis, micro-clotting, endothelial dysfunction [38,43,45,46,47], and the reactivation of HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, and HHV-6 [48,49]. This Figure is created using BioRender.
![Persistent viruses, vRNA, and viral antigens may trigger the hyperactivation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to chronic inflammation, T cell exhaustion, and herpesvirus reactivation, which in turn can cause multiple and diverse pathologies in patients with Long COVID. The reservoirs of virus and/or viral RNA (vRNA) may persist and replicate in various sites of the body, driving chronic inflammation and overstimulation of immune cells [31,32,33,34,35,36,37]. Persistent reservoirs of viruses and vRNA may be capable of being translated to continuously produce viral protein antigens, either locally in affected organs or distantly released into the circulation, thereby inducing both local and systemic inflammation, immune cells overstimulation, as well as the exhaustion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a subset of patients with LC [23,35,38,39,40,41,42]. Reactivation of herpesviruses, such as HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, and HHV-6, may also be a driver of LC [48,49]. This Figure is created using BioRender.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:wvmvjmwdooynkpxdwlghnvq6/bafkreide2rdosfmeu3efdj3i44keyrmwzraunfz54ctb7pa3hdmttpu674)
Persistent viruses, vRNA, and viral antigens may trigger the hyperactivation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to chronic inflammation, T cell exhaustion, and herpesvirus reactivation, which in turn can cause multiple and diverse pathologies in patients with Long COVID. The reservoirs of virus and/or viral RNA (vRNA) may persist and replicate in various sites of the body, driving chronic inflammation and overstimulation of immune cells [31,32,33,34,35,36,37]. Persistent reservoirs of viruses and vRNA may be capable of being translated to continuously produce viral protein antigens, either locally in affected organs or distantly released into the circulation, thereby inducing both local and systemic inflammation, immune cells overstimulation, as well as the exhaustion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in a subset of patients with LC [23,35,38,39,40,41,42]. Reactivation of herpesviruses, such as HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, CMV, and HHV-6, may also be a driver of LC [48,49]. This Figure is created using BioRender.
![Numerous organs are affected by the virus, vRNA, and viral antigens, which persist in various cells, resulting in a range of varied pathologies in patients with Long COVID. Various anatomical locations have been identified where persistent reservoirs of virus, persistent vRNA, and, in some cases, persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigens are detected in LC patients [35,38,39,40,41,42] (Left). These reservoirs are detected either directly or through virus-specific immune responses that are maintained within cells from various tissues of patients with LC, long after the acute infection is cleared [23,31,33,34,35,36,50,51] (Right). This figure is created using BioRender.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:wvmvjmwdooynkpxdwlghnvq6/bafkreibaf53w3ti34os2seelkuula7uvdwuvn24nnxhddalfayjn5lfu4e)
Numerous organs are affected by the virus, vRNA, and viral antigens, which persist in various cells, resulting in a range of varied pathologies in patients with Long COVID. Various anatomical locations have been identified where persistent reservoirs of virus, persistent vRNA, and, in some cases, persistent SARS-CoV-2 antigens are detected in LC patients [35,38,39,40,41,42] (Left). These reservoirs are detected either directly or through virus-specific immune responses that are maintained within cells from various tissues of patients with LC, long after the acute infection is cleared [23,31,33,34,35,36,50,51] (Right). This figure is created using BioRender.
![Long COVID affects the brain, nerves, and cognitive function, presenting neurological symptoms during LC. Virus reservoirs in the brain (represented as green dots) or other remote organs may activate microglia, leading to neuroinflammation and potentially contributing to cognitive symptoms in LC [92,93,94,95,96,97]. Elevated biomarkers of neurodegeneration in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with LC suggest ongoing neuroinflammation in patients with cognitive and mental disorders, as well as psychiatric manifestations and headaches [81,100]. Persistent systemic inflammation may lead to the production of cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IP-10 [90,91], as well as the overactivation of the immune system, T cell exhaustion, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Increased blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability may allow cytokines to penetrate the brain and induce neuroinflammation [92,93,94,95,96,97]. A more porous BBB may also permit direct viral invasion of the brain. Tissue hypoxia may occur due to microclot formation. Neurological symptoms of LC include cognition, psychiatric manifestations, headache, and others. These conditions are more commonly described in young adults and women. This figure is created using BioRender.](https://cdn.bsky.app/img/feed_thumbnail/plain/did:plc:wvmvjmwdooynkpxdwlghnvq6/bafkreifwinqzd6rqxpvcgqlqbsc4bgpclugxcap5fxk344yarpg7l27asq)
Long COVID affects the brain, nerves, and cognitive function, presenting neurological symptoms during LC. Virus reservoirs in the brain (represented as green dots) or other remote organs may activate microglia, leading to neuroinflammation and potentially contributing to cognitive symptoms in LC [92,93,94,95,96,97]. Elevated biomarkers of neurodegeneration in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with LC suggest ongoing neuroinflammation in patients with cognitive and mental disorders, as well as psychiatric manifestations and headaches [81,100]. Persistent systemic inflammation may lead to the production of cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IP-10 [90,91], as well as the overactivation of the immune system, T cell exhaustion, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Increased blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability may allow cytokines to penetrate the brain and induce neuroinflammation [92,93,94,95,96,97]. A more porous BBB may also permit direct viral invasion of the brain. Tissue hypoxia may occur due to microclot formation. Neurological symptoms of LC include cognition, psychiatric manifestations, headache, and others. These conditions are more commonly described in young adults and women. This figure is created using BioRender.
The discovery of persistent viral reservoirs has significant implications for both understanding and managing LC. The link between higher #viralload & the development of LC suggests that effective 💉& antiviral treatment , 😷 could help reduce the risk of developing LC
www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17...
This phase 3 trial shows that the #humanized #CD147 antibody #meplazumab significantly lowered 14, 28, and 56-day mortality, rapidly reduced #viralload, and improved multiple clinical outcomes in severe #COVID19 patients. #medsky
#STTT #OpenAccess: doi.org/10.1038/s413...
Studies show strong correlations between built environment #viralload in high-traffic settings and hospitalisations. #SARSCoV2 🦠 is not only airborne, but also on surfaces & in wastewater. PPE (😷,🧴ect )💉 must be used.
journals.plos.org/globalpublic....
@plosglobalpublichealth.org
8/13 The revelation: treatment also prevented transmission by reducing viral load.
"The more people we treated, the less infections there were. For every 1% increase in treatment coverage, you have a 1% decrease in new infections."
#TreatmentAsPrevention #ViralLoad
to a better understanding of how temperature influences 🦠 ’s transmission dynamics, particularly factors like fomite spread & aerosol stability. NP prevention is also importance 😷
Further research is ongoing to fully comprehend the intricate interplay between temperature, humidity, #viralload
3/14 H5N1 viral RNA was detected in 21 of 35 air samples, ranging from 1 to 10,000 genome copies per litre of air.
Crucially, infectious virus was confirmed in four air samples with concentrations above 1,000 copies/L collected during milking operations.
#Airborne #ViralLoad
the #viralload over time, indicating active viral replication post-transmission.
- Enhancing Inflammation: #Covid infection triggers an inflammatory response and cytokine storm.
Further analysis revealed viral replication activity in tissues, suggesting 🦠 can continue to infect new cells even with low #viralload. This indicates 🦠 can persist at low levels in the brainstem.
Some studies have found sex differences in viral load (the amount of #HIV in the bloodstream) but when taking HIV drugs, men and women are equally likely to achieve viral suppression. Learn about #viralload and about being a women living with undetectable HIV ⤵️
www.thewellproject.org/hiv-informat...
Highlights
#Medsky🧪 #IDSky #immunosky #publichealth The study and others show that male sex correlates with immune suppression of response to #SARSCoV2, which is critical for controlling the #viralload in affected organs & sites.
The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Long-Term Lung Health 🌬️🧬
📚 Key Insights from a Six-Month Study on Post-COVID Respiratory Health:
buff.ly/40zdxTy
#LongCOVID #PulmonaryHealth #RespiratoryCare #COVID19Research #ViralLoad
The lessons learned from the wastewater surveillance can detecting & tracking the #SARSCOV2
infections, variant diversity & shifts in #influenzavirus transmission dynamics at community
level. The #viralload captured #COVID spreading patterns
Love when they start out young with a #viralload. #gifting early and spreading #hiv to all the unsuspecting #neg #bugchasers.
#rawislaw #bbbh #neg4poz #poz4neg #gifter #aids
As evidences continue emerge #SARSCoV2 #viralload could be an important parameter for transmission potential. Here, we use RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) values as a proxy for viral load. This study assess the effect of #COVID19 💉 & prior infection status on Ct value, while accounting for 🦠 variant…
Neuropathogenesis of cognitive impairment #postcovid / #Neurocovid sequelae & mind that #viralload 😷💉
www.sciencedirect.com/science/arti...
6th round of Wim Hoff breathing today to try and help move this awful viral load to have any chance of being with anyone with Christmas after months of isolation already! Come on body I believe in you please 🙏🏼 #pwME #LongCovid ME #ViralLoad
journals.aps.org/pre/pdf/10.1...
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
In 🇬🇧 the Flu infection rate are high at the moment so 😷 are vital to reduce that #viralload …
This effect is likely due to the relationship between #viralpersistence and long COVID symptoms , as treatment may reduce #viralload & subsequently, #longCOVID symptoms.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
Why Favorable Antiviral Effect of #Metformin on #SARSCoV2 #ViralLoad in severe #COVID19 patients ?
academic.oup.com/cid/article/...
#MedSky🧪 #IDSky #COVID19 is complicated & #LongCovid in the never ending road .Mind that #viralload & Don’t “FLiRT” about #MaskUp 😷
Label-free videomicroscopy of #SARSCoV2 infected cells forming syncytia.
www.nature.com/articles/s41...
@Virus_Immunity
🎥 twitter.com/Virus_Immuni...
#MedSky🧪 #IDSky #publichealth #Viralimmunology Individuals who completed #Paxlovid treatment for #COVID19 experienced fewer symptoms & lower #ViralLoad but rebound occured more often vs the untreated individuals. Providers should prescribe N/R, when indicated, & communicate rebound risk to patients.
but the risk of LC increased with greater quantities of the #Viralload …
#MedSky🧪 #IDSky #Publichealth This is too close to 🏠 & mind that #viralload #Maskup😷 A Potentially Fatal New #COVID-Related Syndrome Has Emerged
Even mild infections may be sufficient to trigger this serious condition.
www.iflscience.com/a-potentiall...
www.cell.com/cell-reports...
